{"id":4910,"date":"2026-03-20T17:37:19","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T17:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/2026\/03\/20\/how-rising-hoa-fees-can-act-like-shadow-mortgages-bankrate\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T17:37:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T17:37:19","slug":"how-rising-hoa-fees-can-act-like-shadow-mortgages-bankrate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/2026\/03\/20\/how-rising-hoa-fees-can-act-like-shadow-mortgages-bankrate\/","title":{"rendered":"How rising HOA fees can act like shadow mortgages | Bankrate"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Homebuyers often focus on home prices and mortgage rates when thinking about affordability. But for millions of homeowners, another housing cost is creeping higher and quietly reshaping the math: homeowners association (HOA) fees.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Once considered a small maintenance expense, HOA dues are increasingly acting like a shadow mortgage. This mandatory, ongoing monthly payment can rise unexpectedly and, in extreme cases, even put a home at risk of foreclosure.<\/p>\n

That possibility has Jo Meleca-Voigt, a 55-year-old, disabled and retired public educator, worried.\u00a0<\/p>\n

In 2021, Meleca-Voigt and her wife, Christine, bought their townhouse in Rochester, New York. The home\u2019s accessibility features and an HOA that handled exterior maintenance drew them in. The couple, who live on a fixed income, budgeted for the monthly $235 HOA fee.\u00a0<\/p>\n

But over five years, their dues jumped over 60% to $385 a month. On top of that, came two special assessments in 2023 totaling $3,000 to rebuild the HOA\u2019s reserve fund and repair the community\u2019s aging roofs. Meleca-Voigt and her wife needed to dip into their savings to cover the surprise bills \u2014 not an easy move when every penny counts.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is absolutely a shadow mortgage,\u201d Meleca-Voigt says. \u201cIt\u2019s actually worse than a mortgage. If you get a mortgage with a fixed rate, you know what you pay and you can work around it.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

It [the HOA fee] is a wild-growing weed in the garden that is our living expenses. It is unpredictable and we have no recourse.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Jo Meleca-Voigt<\/cite> Homeowner<\/span> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

HOAs can offer real benefits by managing residential communities, helping maintain shared spaces and providing amenities, like pools or gyms. But there\u2019s a tradeoff: According to Realtor.com, the median HOA fee has risen to $135 per month, up from $125 last year and $108 in 2019. This rise comes as the number of properties with HOAs is also climbing. Almost 85% of townhomes and condos have HOAs, while 33% of single-family homes do.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s something that\u2019s a little bit more accepted than it was maybe 10, 20 years ago, paying HOA dues every month,\u201d says Joel Berner, senior economist at Realtor.com. \u201cAs it becomes more common, it\u2019s kind of a race to the bottom where one neighborhood can say, well, the neighborhood down the street is charging 200 bucks a month for HOA fees. So we can probably bump ours up a little bit, too.\u201d<\/p>\n

The housing bill that never goes away\u00a0<\/h2>\n

With sticky inflation and the cost of labor and materials continuing to increase, HOA fees are rising as well, now eating up a significant portion of overall housing costs.\u00a0<\/p>\n

For example, in the Miami\u2013Fort Lauderdale\u2013West Palm Beach area, the average HOA fee is $617 per month for a median home costing roughly $425,000, according to Realtor.com. That\u2019s nearly 27% of a typical mortgage payment.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThese [rising costs] are effectively pricing them out of living in the home that they bought,\u201d Berner says.\u00a0<\/p>\n

In addition to monthly dues, special assessments can be even more shocking. The periodic fees are used to cover major repairs or expenses not covered by the HOA\u2019s budget or reserve fund. Special assessments can sometimes rival the size of a small mortgage, depending on the property\u2019s type and location.<\/p>\n

\u201cIn downtown San Diego, we have seen some high-rise buildings have special assessments in the tens of thousands of dollars,\u201d says Kimberly Schmidt, team lead of Kimberly Schmidt and Associates with Compass in San Diego, California. \u201cFor example, all of the plumbing in the building needs to be redone, and every unit\u2019s portion of that will be $80,000. That\u2019s where it feels like a shadow mortgage. We\u2019re not talking about $50 or $100.\u201d<\/p>\n

Even after you fully pay off your mortgage, HOA fees continue to cast a shadow on your finances. Unlike a mortgage, they can\u2019t be refinanced, renegotiated or turned into equity.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cNot only are these homeowners struggling to keep up their [HOA] payments and keep the lights on in their home, but when they go to sell because they can\u2019t afford it anymore, they\u2019re meeting buyers who are more reluctant to make that purchase,\u201d says Berner. \u201cIt\u2019s just a lot of friction in the market.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n

Home Equity Icon<\/title> <\/svg> <\/p>\n
\n

HOAs in America <\/p>\n

\n

In 2024, about 3 million homes paid more than $500 a month in HOA fees. About 5.6 million homes paid less than $50 a month.<\/p>\n

Source<\/b>: Census Bureau\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

HOAs reduce your purchasing power\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Rising HOA dues can impact your purchasing power differently depending on where you stand in the housing market. For current homeowners like Meleca-Voigt, rising dues increase the overall cost of living.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen we sat down and figured out what it was going to cost us to live here, we understood that HOA fees could go up,\u201d she says. \u201cBut we didn\u2019t think they would go up more than 50%.\u201d<\/p>\n

Experts say buyers should count on those increases. \u201cA homebuyer should always assume that the HOA fee will increase over their tenure as an owner,\u201d Schmidt says. \u201cIf the HOA has not been adequately funding their reserve account, the result can be deferred maintenance in the community itself, dues increases or special assessments to the homeowners.\u201d<\/p>\n

For prospective buyers purchasing a home with an HOA, the impact starts even earlier. HOA dues reduce purchasing power before someone even gets the keys, since lenders factor HOA costs into debt-to-income calculations.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cHOA fees can potentially limit the buying pool for a community, forcing buyers to look elsewhere or to seek out a less-expensive home in the community,\u201d Schmidt says. \u201cLess expensive often translates into a home that is smaller, less upgraded and\/or in a less desirable location.\u201d<\/p>\n

The mortgage equivalent of rising HOA fees\u00a0<\/h3>\n

As of the third week of March, mortgage rates averaged 6.27%, according to Bankrate\u2019s lender average. According to Bankrate\u2019s \u201cHow much house can I afford\u201d calculator, every $100 in monthly HOA dues erases around $16,000 in purchasing power, acting like a silent mortgage that limits the home you can buy.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Monthly HOA fee<\/strong><\/td>\nLost purchasing power<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$100<\/td>\n$16,200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$200<\/td>\n$32,400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$300<\/td>\n$48,600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$400<\/td>\n$64,800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$500<\/td>\n$81,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$600<\/td>\n$97,200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$700<\/td>\n$113,400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

HOA fees can impact your equity and housing value\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n

If you miss mortgage payments, fees, interest and potentially legal costs pile on, raising your balance and shrinking your home equity, which is your home\u2019s value minus what you owe. Unpaid HOA dues, with their own late fees, interest and attorney costs, can eat into your equity, too.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Normally, as you pay down your mortgage, your equity increases. But if your home\u2019s value isn\u2019t rising faster than the remaining balance and you need to sell, the HOA debt still has to be settled, cutting into your housing stake, explains Ashley Morgan, attorney, owner and founder of Ashley F. Morgan Law, a law firm based in Virginia.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cBy increasing in a linear fashion these HOA fees every year, you\u2019re diminishing the value of the asset, the home that you bought and you\u2019re so eager to maintain the value of,\u201d Berner says. \u201cWe\u2019re not in 2022 when home values are just shooting through the roof, and so these little pieces on the margin really make a difference.\u201d<\/p>\n

Still, HOA fees aren\u2019t always negative. A well-managed association uses your dues to fund repairs and conduct maintenance or to rebuild reserves, all of which can make a property more attractive and marketable.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cThe value of what the community looks like, that does add value to our home,\u201d Meleca-Voigt admits. \u201cThat is something that people comment on when they come to our house, just what a great little community it is. There is value that the HOA brings for somebody who does have the financial ability to keep up with the increases. It\u2019s very appealing.\u201d<\/p>\n

You can lose your home if you don\u2019t pay\u00a0<\/h2>\n

Living in an HOA community means agreeing to follow its rules and its covenants, which are legally binding and part of the property\u2019s documents of record. Just like a mortgage, HOA dues are attached to your home. If you don\u2019t pay, the debt doesn\u2019t simply disappear.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201cAny debtor can file a lien against the property,\u201d says Brian Fox, chief revenue officer of Benutech, a real estate data solutions firm based in Southern California. If you get far enough behind on payments, state laws will determine when your HOA can file the lien. \u201cThey\u2019re doing that to protect their owed money.\u201d<\/p>\n

A lien is a legal claim that secures a debt to real estate. In simple terms, it means you can\u2019t sell or refinance your home without first paying off what you owe. The number of HOA liens is growing.\u00a0<\/p>\n

According to data from Benutech, HOA liens totaled 284,933 in 2025, up 8.6% from 262,446 in 2024, with Florida, Texas and California leading the way.<\/p>\n

If the lien isn\u2019t resolved, in some cases, the HOA can initiate foreclosure proceedings to recover unpaid dues, even if you\u2019re current on your mortgage payments. Typically, if your home is sold in foreclosure, the mortgage gets paid first, then the HOA is paid afterwards.<\/p>\n

But there are exceptions.<\/p>\n

In several states, including Nevada, Tennessee and Washington, D.C, to name a few, HOAs have \u201csuper-priority\u201d lien rights, which means they can jump ahead of your mortgage lender if you fall behind on dues.\u00a0<\/p>\n

For a growing number of homeowners, HOA debt has led to the unfortunate loss of their home. Between 2022 and 2025, HOA-related foreclosures jumped 50% nationally, according to ATTOM Data Solutions, with Florida, Texas and California as the states with the most significant activity.<\/p>\n

\n

For buyers, this underscores that affordability challenges extend beyond purchase price and interest rates into ongoing ownership costs.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Ron Barber<\/cite> CEO, ATTOM<\/span> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Before buying a home in an HOA community\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Treat HOA dues like part of the mortgage. <\/strong>When buying a home with an HOA, the listing price typically does not include the monthly HOA cost, so it can easily be overlooked when determining what your budget can handle. Because HOA fees are ongoing and can rise over time, it\u2019s smart to stress-test your budget to make sure you can manage potential fee increases in the future.<\/li>\n
  • Review the HOA agreement: <\/strong>Before purchasing a home with an HOA, request the HOA contract. Take the time to carefully review all documents so you know all of the rules before moving in. Check the association\u2019s budget and reserve funds, as some HOAs are managed more effectively than others. It\u2019s also helpful to read recent meeting minutes to see if there are discussions about deferred maintenance, potential lawsuits or upcoming special assessments.<\/li>\n
  • Be cautious of very low dues.<\/strong> While lower fees may seem attractive, they can sometimes signal that the HOA isn\u2019t setting aside enough money for future repairs. If reserves are too low, the HOA may need to charge homeowners special assessments, or large, one-time fees, to cover unexpected costs.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Living in the shadow of HOA debt\u00a0<\/h2>\n

    When you buy a home in an HOA community, there\u2019s no opting out of the fees or special assessments. But that doesn\u2019t mean you\u2019re powerless. If you decide to challenge fee hikes or special assessments in court, Morgan\u2019s advice is to be smart about it.\u00a0<\/p>\n

    \u201cIf you\u2019re going to do that, escrow the money,\u201d she says. \u201cIf someone says, \u2018you\u2019re this far behind,\u2019 you can say, \u2018I have the $20,000. It\u2019s just, I don\u2019t think I should have to pay for XYZ reasons.\u2019 The judge is going to take you way more seriously.\u201d<\/p>\n

    The key, Morgan stresses, is communication. Talk to the board. Try to negotiate a plan where you\u2019re paying down what you owe while staying current, so you\u2019re not stuck in a constant cycle of playing catch-up. In some cases, she says it might make sense to prioritize paying your HOA over other debts, even your mortgage.<\/p>\n

    \u201cYour mortgage [company] is probably going to offer you a modification,\u201d she says. \u201cYour mortgage [company] is probably going to have a forbearance program. Your HOA tends to depend on that money more. So they\u2019re less likely to be reasonable. They\u2019re less likely to reduce balances. Settlements are a lot less likely.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

    Meleca-Voigt\u2019s HOA gave her the option of paying the $3,000 special assessment bill in installments, easing some of the financial strain. In 2023, her wife also joined the HOA board, giving them firsthand knowledge of how their community operates.<\/p>\n

    But even with those wins, Meleca-Voigt and Christine are planning their next move. For the past 18 months, they have been looking for a more affordable, HOA-free home that can accommodate Jo\u2019s disability. <\/p>\n

    \n

    Let me just put it definitively, we wouldn\u2019t do it [buy a home with an HOA] again.<\/p>\n

    \u2014 Jo Meleca-Voigt<\/cite> Homeowner<\/span> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    After being outbid for potential homes five times, Meleca-Voigt feels stuck, as the fear of rising HOA fees continues to cast a shadow over her finances.<\/p>\n

    \u201cIf the HOA keeps increasing, we have no choice. We have no option,\u201d she says. \u201cIt\u2019s scary. I\u2019m 55. I hope I\u2019ve got 30 good years left. If this is what it\u2019s like five years in, what are we going to do?\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

    Did you find this page helpful? <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

    Help us improve our content<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Homebuyers often focus on home prices and mortgage rates when thinking about affordability. But for millions of homeowners, another housing cost is creeping higher and quietly reshaping the math: homeowners association (HOA) fees.\u00a0 Once considered a small maintenance expense, HOA dues are increasingly acting like a shadow mortgage. This mandatory, ongoing monthly payment can rise<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4911,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage.png",1280,720,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-768x432.png",640,360,true],"large":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-1024x576.png",640,360,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage.png",1280,720,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage.png",1280,720,false],"morenews-featured":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"morenews-large":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-825x575.png",825,575,true],"morenews-medium":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-590x410.png",590,410,true],"crawlomatic_preview_image":["https:\/\/ft365.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/4910-HOA-shadow-mortgage-260x146.png",260,146,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"henry","author_link":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/author\/henry\/"},"category_info":"Latest News<\/a>","tag_info":"Latest News","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ft365.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}